Bioluminescence is the production
and emission of light by a living organism. It is a form of chemiluminescence.
Bioluminescence occurs widely in marine vertebrates and invertebrates, as well
as in some fungi, microorganisms including some bioluminescent bacteria and
terrestrial invertebrates such as fireflies. In some animals, the light is
bacteriogenic, produced by symbiotic organisms such as Vibrio bacteria; in
others, it is autogenic, produced by the animals themselves.
In a general sense, the principal
chemical reaction in bioluminescence involves some light-emitting molecule and
an enzyme, generally called the luciferin and the luciferase, respectively.
Because these are generic names, the luciferins and luciferases are often distinguished
by including the species or group, i.e. Firefly luciferin. In all characterized
cases, the enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of the luciferin.
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