The viscosity of a fluid is a
measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate. For liquids, it
corresponds to the informal concept of "thickness": for example,
syrup has a higher viscosity than water.
Viscosity can be conceptualized
as quantifying the frictional force that arises between adjacent layers of
fluid that are in relative motion. For instance, when a fluid is forced through
a tube, it flows more quickly near the tube's axis than near its walls. In such
a case, experiments show that some stress (such as a pressure difference
between the two ends of the tube) is needed to sustain the flow through the
tube. This is because a force is required to overcome the friction between the
layers of the fluid which are in relative motion: the strength of this force is
proportional to the viscosity.
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