A carboxylic acid is an organic compound that contains a
carboxyl group (C(=O)OH).[1] The general formula of a carboxylic acid is
R–COOH, with R referring to the rest of the molecule. Carboxylic acids occur
widely. Important examples include the amino acids and acetic acid. Deprotonation
of a carboxyl group gives a carboxylate anion.
Carboxylic acids are commonly
identified by their trivial names. They often have the suffix -ic acid.
IUPAC-recommended names also exist; in this system, carboxylic acids have an
-oic acid suffix. For example, butyric acid (C3H7CO2H) is butanoic acid by
IUPAC guidelines. For nomenclature of complex molecules containing a carboxylic
acid, the carboxyl can be considered position one of the parent chain even if
there are other substituents, such as 3-chloropropanoic acid. Alternately, it
can be named as a "carboxy" or "carboxylic acid"
substituent on another parent structure, such as 2-carboxyfuran.
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